A2A Protocol Overview ✅

The Kastrax Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol provides a standardized way for AI agents to communicate, discover each other’s capabilities, and collaborate on complex tasks. Built on top of the actor model, the A2A protocol enables the creation of sophisticated multi-agent systems that can work together to solve complex problems.

What is the A2A Protocol? ✅

The Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol is a communication standard that enables AI agents to:

Discover other agents and their capabilities dynamically
Exchange structured messages with well-defined semantics
Invoke capabilities provided by other agents in a type-safe manner
Collaborate on complex tasks through delegation and coordination
Maintain security and access control with authentication and authorization
Scale across distributed environments with location transparency
Handle failures gracefully with supervision and recovery mechanisms

A2A Protocol Architecture ✅

The Kastrax A2A protocol consists of several key components:

Agent Card: A structured description of an agent’s identity, capabilities, and metadata
Capabilities Registry: A catalog of functions that agents can expose to other agents
Message Protocol: Standardized format for structured communication between agents
Discovery Service: A registry for finding agents and their capabilities dynamically
Security Layer: Authentication, authorization, and encryption mechanisms
Actor Integration: Seamless integration with the actor model for distributed communication
Supervision Hierarchy: Parent-child relationships for monitoring and recovery
Capability Negotiation: Dynamic negotiation of capabilities between agents

Basic A2A Implementation ✅

Here’s a simple example of creating an A2A agent in Kastrax:


import ai.kastrax.a2a.a2a
import ai.kastrax.a2a.agent.a2aAgent
import ai.kastrax.a2a.model.AuthType
import ai.kastrax.core.agent.agent
import ai.kastrax.integrations.deepseek.deepSeek
import ai.kastrax.integrations.deepseek.DeepSeekModel
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 
fun main() = runBlocking {
    // Create a base agent
    val baseAgent = agent {
        name("DataAnalysisAgent")
        description("An agent that can analyze data")
 
        model = deepSeek {
            apiKey("your-deepseek-api-key")
            model(DeepSeekModel.DEEPSEEK_CHAT)
            temperature(0.7)
        }
    }
 
    // Create an A2A instance
    val a2aInstance = a2a {
        // Register the base agent
        agent(baseAgent)
 
        // Create an A2A agent
        a2aAgent {
            id = "data-analysis-agent"
            name = "Data Analysis Agent"
            description = "Provides data analysis and visualization capabilities"
            baseAgent = baseAgent
 
            // Define a capability
            capability {
                id = "analyze_data"
                name = "Analyze Data"
                description = "Analyzes a dataset and returns statistical results"
 
                // Define parameters
                parameter {
                    name = "dataset_url"
                    type = "string"
                    description = "URL of the dataset to analyze"
                    required = true
                }
 
                parameter {
                    name = "analysis_type"
                    type = "string"
                    description = "Type of analysis to perform"
                    required = true
                }
 
                returnType = "json"
            }
 
            // Configure authentication
            authentication {
                type = AuthType.API_KEY
            }
        }
 
        // Configure the server
        server {
            port = 8080
            enableCors = true
        }
 
        // Add discovery service
        discovery("http://localhost:8080")
    }
 
    // Start the A2A server
    a2aInstance.start()
 
    println("A2A server started on port 8080")
    println("Press Enter to exit...")
    readLine()
 
    // Stop the A2A server
    a2aInstance.stop()
}

Agent Card ✅

The Agent Card is a structured description of an agent’s capabilities:


// Define an agent card
val agentCard = AgentCard(
    id = "data-analysis-agent",
    name = "Data Analysis Agent",
    description = "Provides data analysis and visualization capabilities",
    version = "1.0.0",
    endpoint = "http://localhost:8080/a2a/v1",
    capabilities = listOf(
        Capability(
            id = "analyze_data",
            name = "Analyze Data",
            description = "Analyzes a dataset and returns statistical results",
            parameters = listOf(
                Parameter(
                    name = "dataset_url",
                    type = "string",
                    description = "URL of the dataset to analyze",
                    required = true
                ),
                Parameter(
                    name = "analysis_type",
                    type = "string",
                    description = "Type of analysis to perform",
                    required = true
                )
            ),
            returnType = "json"
        )
    ),
    authentication = Authentication(
        type = AuthType.API_KEY
    )
)

A2A Messages ✅

A2A agents communicate using structured messages:


// Create a capability request message
val capabilityRequest = CapabilityRequest(
    id = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
)
 
// Create an invoke request message
val invokeRequest = InvokeRequest(
    id = UUID.randomUUID().toString(),
    capabilityId = "analyze_data",
    parameters = mapOf(
        "dataset_url" to JsonPrimitive("https://example.com/dataset.csv"),
        "analysis_type" to JsonPrimitive("statistical")
    )
)

A2A Client ✅

You can use the A2A client to interact with A2A agents:


import ai.kastrax.a2a.client.A2AClient
import ai.kastrax.a2a.client.A2AClientConfig
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 
fun main() = runBlocking {
    // Create an A2A client
    val client = A2AClient(
        A2AClientConfig(
            serverUrl = "http://localhost:8080",
            apiKey = "your-api-key"
        )
    )
 
    // Get the agent card
    val agentCard = client.getAgentCard()
    println("Agent: ${agentCard.name}")
    println("Capabilities: ${agentCard.capabilities.map { it.name }}")
 
    // Invoke a capability
    val response = client.invoke(
        "analyze_data",
        mapOf(
            "dataset_url" to "https://example.com/dataset.csv",
            "analysis_type" to "statistical"
        )
    )
 
    println("Response: $response")
 
    // Close the client
    client.close()
}

A2A Server ✅

The A2A server exposes agent capabilities via HTTP:


import ai.kastrax.a2a.server.A2AServer
import ai.kastrax.a2a.server.A2AServerConfig
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 
fun main() = runBlocking {
    // Create an A2A server
    val server = A2AServer(
        A2AServerConfig(
            port = 8080,
            enableCors = true
        )
    )
 
    // Register an agent
    server.registerAgent(a2aAgent)
 
    // Start the server
    server.start()
 
    println("A2A server started on port 8080")
    println("Press Enter to exit...")
    readLine()
 
    // Stop the server
    server.stop()
}

A2A Discovery Service ✅

The discovery service helps agents find each other:


import ai.kastrax.a2a.discovery.A2ADiscoveryService
import ai.kastrax.a2a.discovery.A2ADiscoveryConfig
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 
fun main() = runBlocking {
    // Create a discovery service
    val discoveryService = A2ADiscoveryService(
        A2ADiscoveryConfig(
            enableAutoDiscovery = true,
            discoveryInterval = 60000 // 1 minute
        )
    )
 
    // Add a server
    discoveryService.addServer("http://localhost:8080")
 
    // Find agents by capability
    val agents = discoveryService.findAgentsByCapability("analyze_data")
 
    for (agent in agents) {
        println("Found agent: ${agent.name}")
    }
}

Multi-Agent Collaboration ✅

A2A enables complex multi-agent collaboration:


import ai.kastrax.a2a.a2a
import ai.kastrax.a2a.agent.a2aAgent
import ai.kastrax.a2a.model.AuthType
import ai.kastrax.core.agent.agent
import ai.kastrax.integrations.deepseek.deepSeek
import ai.kastrax.integrations.deepseek.DeepSeekModel
import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 
fun main() = runBlocking {
    // Create A2A instance
    val a2aInstance = a2a {
        // Register data analysis agent
        a2aAgent {
            id = "data-analysis-agent"
            name = "Data Analysis Agent"
            description = "Provides data analysis capabilities"
            // Configuration...
        }
 
        // Register visualization agent
        a2aAgent {
            id = "visualization-agent"
            name = "Visualization Agent"
            description = "Provides data visualization capabilities"
            // Configuration...
        }
 
        // Register coordinator agent
        a2aAgent {
            id = "coordinator-agent"
            name = "Coordinator Agent"
            description = "Coordinates analysis and visualization tasks"
            // Configuration...
        }
 
        // Configure server
        server {
            port = 8080
            enableCors = true
        }
    }
 
    // Start the A2A server
    a2aInstance.start()
 
    // Create a task
    val task = a2aInstance.createTask(
        Message(
            role = "user",
            parts = listOf(
                TextPart(
                    text = "Analyze and visualize this dataset: https://example.com/dataset.csv"
                )
            )
        )
    )
 
    // Monitor task progress
    task.onUpdate { status ->
        println("Task status: ${status.state}")
    }
 
    // Wait for task completion
    val result = task.await()
    println("Task result: $result")
 
    // Stop the A2A server
    a2aInstance.stop()
}

Next Steps ✅

Now that you understand the A2A protocol, you can: